Gujarat Model: High on growth, low on development ( rich become richer , poor become poorer)

by Guest Sat Apr 05, 2014 8:37 pm

http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/gujarats-growth-for-growths-sake/99/

by Guest Sat Apr 05, 2014 9:29 pm

Despite the fact that Gujarat grew faster than most other states during the decade of 2001-11, its per capita expenditure is not only not at the top of the chart but has slipped further to the 12th position. Equally surprising are its ranks in, one, the extent of poverty and, two, in female literacy: they are smack in the middle of the list at 14th and 15th respectively, showing no improvement by 2011-12 despite fast growth. It does show some improvement in its ranking for “Infant Mortality Ratio” from 19th to 17th, though the record of being in the lower half of the class is still disappointing for such a fast growing state.

Gujarat is known for its roads. What do the data tell us about its relative performance in road-building?

Gujarat’s high rank in state highways in 2004-05 conforms to the common perception. It is possible that its rank in state highways has slipped a little due to some of the state highways becoming designated as national highways. Its ranking in smaller road network, however, was not that high in 2004-05 and has fallen further. States like Maharashtra, Haryana and West Bengal have gone past Gujarat on this score. It would be good to find out if the fall in the rank in this case is also due to a significant number of small roads in Gujarat having become state highways.

Many have talked about reaping the dividend from the relatively young Indian population by educating them well. How well
does Gujarat do in schooling? The Rajan committee uses “Attendance Ratios” and “Number of Primary Schools per Population of 1,000” as education variables and ranks Gujarat somewhere among the bottom six states in 2004-05 and the rank slips further by 1 or 2 by 2009-10. Perhaps these are not the most appropriate variables to assess the quality of education offered. Here we can hardly do better than using the learning outcomes reported by ASER for all states from 2006 to 2012. (Tripura and Sikkim were not included in ASER’s 2006 sample). (See Table 4)

These numbers too are shocking for a state claiming to be number one. Instead of moving up, it has slipped down in an area as vital as education.

What about household amenities and financial inclusion? Once again, we see mediocre performance and further slippage in Gujarat’s ranking from 2001 to 2011 (Census years). (See Table 5)

This is a perplexing picture of development. Gujarat has done so much better in terms of growth and so much worse in terms of development than other states. Why has the fast growth not translated into meaningful development? Finally, it is the grassroot-level institutions that run schools, health clinics, bring water and sanitation to households, and bring the fruits of growth to the multitudes. Could it be that the centralised model of governance that works well for big investment projects does not work as well for grassroot institutions? Or, is this high growth with low development model indicative of the priorities of the government of Gujarat? Or is it something else altogether? It would be good to know the answer.

The most intriguing question of all is: what sustains the belief that Gujarat is the crowning jewel of development in India?

Gujarat Model: High on growth, low on development ( rich become richer , poor become poorer)

Gujarat Model: High on growth, low on development ( rich become richer , poor become poorer)

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